Multiple ``Gust Layers'' Observed in the Middle Stratosphere
Manabu D. Yamanaka
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science,
Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
and Hiroshi Tanaka
Water Research Institute, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464, Japan
Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere ,
Advances in Earth and Planetary Sciences,
J. R. Holton and T. Matsuno (eds.),
Terra Scientific Pub. Co./D. Reidel Pub. Co.,
pp.117-140.
Paper presented at the US-Japan Workshop on
the Middle Atmosphere Dynamics,
Honolulu, Hawaii, USA,
November 1981.
First draft: October, 1981;
Submitted: March, 1982;
Revised: July, 1982;
Accepted: September, 1982
Published: February, 1984
ABSTRACT ,
CONTENTS ,
CORRECTIONS ,
FIGURES ,
REFERENCES ,
CITATIONS
Abstract
Some theoretical aspects and quick results of a balloon observation
of gravity waves and turbulence in the middle stratosphere are shown.
Turbulence layer thickness,
previously observed by some workers,
is theoretically related to the distance between the critical level and
breakng level of internal (inertio-) gravity waves.
It is predicted that the microstructure in the layer may involve
multiple ``gust layers''.
The observation was carried out by using ``adapted Gill-type''
propellor anemometers which scanned through 600 m in depth
under the balloon for over 30 hours.
Quick analyses demonstrate that multiple ``gust layers'' of 10-50 m
in thickness often appear in the middle stratosphere (altitude: 24-26 km).
Vertical shear reaches $10^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$ in the layers,
which may be enough to generate turbulence.
It is suggested that extended analyses of this observational data will
give information on the input of wave momentum flux
into the middle atmosphere.
Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Theoretics
- 2.1. Local Convective Instability
- 2.2. Effect of Compressivity
- 2.3. Local KH (Kelvin-Helmholtz) Instability
- 2.4. Effects of Viscosity and Newtonian Cooling
- 2.5. Inertial Effect Due to Coriolis Force
- 2.6. Thickness and Origin of Stratospheric Turbulence Layers
- 2.7. Structure Turbulence Layer and Multiple ``Gusts''
- 3. Momentum Flux
- 3.1. Balloon Instrumentation
- 3.2. Sounding Errors
- 3.3. Basic Wind Field
- 3.4. Vertical Microstructures
- 4. Discussion
- 5. Conclusion
-
Appendix: Propagation of Internal (Inertio-) Gravity Waves
Corrections and Additional Remarks
(To be mentioned (only a little))
List of Figures
(No Tabales)
- Fig. 1.
Propagation and breakdown of internal gravity waves.
- Fig. 2.
Effective absorption of internal gravity waves near a critical level.
- Fig. 3.
``Valve'' effect of a Jones' critical level and
reflection at a ``turning level'' for incident inertio-gravity waves.
- Fig. 4.
Turbulence layer thickness estimated for internal gravity waves and
internal inertio-gravity waves in the stratosphere.
- Fig. 5.
Three types of generations of turbulence layers.
- Fig. 6.
Balloon instrumentation and observed quantities.
- Fig. 7.
Balloon trajectory.
- Fig. 8.
Time-height section of zonal wind at SBC, Akita and Ryori.
- Fig. 9.
Vertical wind profiles obtained from the balloon tracking data.
- Fig. 10.
Time variations of balloon tracking winds.
- Fig. 11.
Vertical microstructures observed in the middle stratosphere.
Time variations of balloon tracking winds.
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(Updated after publication)
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Citations by Subsequent Papers
- Barat, 1986: J. Geophys. Res., 91(D1).
- Cot and Barat, 1986: J. Geophys. Res., 91(D2).
- Dunkerton, 1984: J. Atmos. Sci., 41(23).
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- Yamanaka, 1985: J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63(5).
- Yamanaka and Fukao, 1994: J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 1375.
- Yamanaka and Tanaka, 1984: J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62(1).
- Yamanaka and Tanaka, 1984: J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62(1).
- Yamanaka et al., 1985: Rev. Sci. Instrum., 56(4).
- Yamanaka et al., 1985: J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63(3).
- Yamanaka et al., 1996: J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 785.
List of Original Papers
by M. D. Yamanaka
Bibliography
by any authors
M. D. YAMANAKA homepage (English)
E-mail : yamanaka@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp