A Simple Model of Gravity-Wave Momentum and Energy Fluxes
Transferred through the Middle Atmosphere to the Upper Atmosphere
Manabu D. Yamanaka and Shoichiro Fukao
Radio Atmospheric Science Center, Kyoto University,
Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics ,
Vol. 56 , No.10, pp.1375-1385
Paper No.\ C.3-M.1.13X presented at the MLTCS
(Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Coupling Study) Workshop
in the 29th COSPAR Plenary Meeting,
the World Space Congress,
Washington D.\ C., USA,
28 August-5 September 1992.
First draft: February, 1992;
Submitted: December 17, 1992;
First revision: April 1, 1993;
Second revision: May 12, 1993;
Third revision: May 15, 1993;
Received: May 17, 1993
Accepted: July 1, 1993
Published: August, 1994
ABSTRACT ,
CONTENTS ,
CORRECTIONS ,
REFERENCES ,
CITATIONS
Abstract
Vertical fluxes of momentum and energy through the middle atmosphere
are calculated by using a simple semi-empirical model of
quasi-monochromatic internal gravity waves with
dominant vertical wavenumbers.
In this model those dominant gravity waves are assumed to
saturate and break at each observational altitude
by an effective critical-layer mechanism.
The dominant value of vertical wavenumber is expressed by an exponential
function of altitude,
decreasing upward with a scale height of 34 km.
This expression gives the momentum and energy flux densities decreasing
upward with scale heights of 12 and 18 km,
respectively,
and typical values at 100 km altitude are estimated as
$4 \times 10^{-5}$ Pa and $4 \times 10^{-3}$ W/m$^{2}$.
A heat flux induced by wavebreaking turbulence also has
order of magnitude similar to that of the wave energy flux.
Variabilities around these values
and comparisons with other momentum and heat inputs to the upper atmosphere
are only briefly discussed.
Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Quasi-Monochromatic Wave Parameters
- 3. Momentum Flux
- 4. Energy Flux
- 5. Conclusion
-
Appendix: Quasi-Monochromatic Formulation of Wave Fluxes
Corrections and Additional Remarks
Fukao et al. (1993b) was published as Fukao et al. (1994) listed below.
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Citations by Subsequent Papers
(Under construction !!!!!)
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List of Original Papers
by M. D. Yamanaka
Bibliography
by any authors
M. D. YAMANAKA homepage (English)
E-mail :
yamanaka@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp